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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法解析教案
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的各種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，如需要、猜測(cè)、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法解析教案應(yīng)該怎么做?怎么做比較好?下面是小編整理的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法解析教案，僅供參考。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法解析教案【1】
一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征和形式
a. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的各種形式見下表：
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
否定式
may not
might not
cannotcan not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to
did not use to
簡(jiǎn)略否定式
mayn't(老式英語，現(xiàn)在不常見)
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to (否定句中to可省略)
won't
wouldn't
shan't (只用于英國英語)
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to
didn't use to
b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do
you shouldn't be so careless. 你不該這樣粗心大意。
jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.
杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。
difficulties can and must be overcome.
困難能夠而且必須克服。
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be doing
she must be listening to pop music.
她肯定在聽流行音樂。
you should be reviewing your lessons.
你應(yīng)該在復(fù)習(xí)功課。
my mother maymight be cooking now.
我媽媽可能正在做飯。
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done
they might have visited the great wall.
他們可能參觀過長(zhǎng)城了。
he must have got up very early to catch the train.
他一定起得很早去趕火車了。
you ought to have come earlier.
你本該早一點(diǎn)兒來。
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be done
this word can also be used as a verb.
這個(gè)詞也可以用作動(dòng)詞。
something must be done to stop pollution.
必須采取措施來制止污染。
the work ought to have been finished long ago.
這工作早就該完成了。
c. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)沒有詞形變化。
you ought to wear a raincoat.
你應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。
she ought to wear a raincoat.
她應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。
plants must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
a plant must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
d. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)并不是區(qū)分時(shí)間的主要標(biāo)志。在一些場(chǎng)合中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過去式都可以表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過去時(shí)間或?qū)頃r(shí)間。
i'm afraid it might rain tonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
could i borrow your thermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎?
it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.
今天天氣不錯(cuò)，我們可以出去散散步。
e. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個(gè)意義相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
【誤】soldiers must have to obey orders.
【正】soldiers have to obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【正】soldiers must obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【誤】can i be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】can i borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎?
【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎?
高考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞全解析【2】
一、何謂“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”?
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度等，是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的熱點(diǎn)，是單項(xiàng)填空必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)和可能性的用法;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語氣;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語氣等”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)
1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
2. 有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式的變化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ not +動(dòng)詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法及相互間的區(qū)別(注意：這是常考的考點(diǎn))
1. can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。
can
1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力;
2). 表示允許、可能性。
could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。
1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to
2) -will you stay for lunch?
-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.
a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't
2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。
1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?
-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)
2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.
3. must
1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須
2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準(zhǔn)是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to
3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?
-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )
4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) she must be in the classroom now.
6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not
4. shall
1) 在疑問句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求。
2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對(duì)方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。
1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.
-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -
yes, please.(no, please don't.)
2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.
3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he
5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?
a. won't we b. will we
c. don't we d. shall we
5. should 應(yīng)該 ; 應(yīng)當(dāng)
1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) you should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。
2) will 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài); would 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
3) will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時(shí)間的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?
a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you
-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)
(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.
(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
7. ought to 應(yīng)該; 應(yīng)當(dāng)
1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) she ____ for what she has done.
a. ought to praise b. ought be praised
c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1) he dare not tell the truth.
2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) i don't know whether he ____ try.
a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed
9. need
1). 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:必須
2). 作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: 需要
a.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
b. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1) -do they need to take any books with them?
-no, they don't need to.
2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.
3) this farm tool needs repairing.
this farm tool needs to be repaired.
4) -shall i tell john about it ?
- no, you ___ . i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't
c. mustn't d. shouldn't
5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.
a. can't b. mustn't
c. needn't d. may not
[★★★]五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的解題例析
(1) 認(rèn)真審題，結(jié)合所給出的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。
(2) 認(rèn)真思考所給選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語境推敲答案。
(3) 要注意把握時(shí)間概念。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”，還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu);對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖虑檫M(jìn)行描述，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
(nmetXX山東，24)thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除a、c兩項(xiàng)，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的i don’t think…，故說話者想表達(dá)的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。故答案為b項(xiàng)。
★下面我們來看看常考的一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞★
以下試題均來源于往年的高考試題，具有很強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性
(1) must表示推測(cè)，意為“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如：
—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.
—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.
a. should b. could c. must d. might
【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過了考試。
【答案】c
(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識(shí)推測(cè)，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”，語氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?
—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
a. will b. would c. should d. must
【解析】should此處表示推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該”。
【答案】c
�、趖here _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進(jìn)行了大量訓(xùn)練，那么通過道路測(cè)試按理不應(yīng)該有困難。
【答案】c
(3) can, could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí)，一般用于疑問句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用;could用于肯定句中，語氣比may/ might更弱。例如：
�、賧ou ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t
�、趕he ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
a. must b. can c. should d. would
�、躳eter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
a. shall b. should c. can d. must
【解析】①② 兩個(gè)考題中can用于中表示否定的推測(cè)，意為：不可能，一定不會(huì); ③④兩個(gè)考題中can表示理論上的可能性，翻譯為：有時(shí)候會(huì)……。
【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c
(4)may (not) / might (not)表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè)，意為“或許，可能”;might的語氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：
�、� liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
a. will b. can c. must d. may
【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。
【答案】d
�、� although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
a. must b. may c. shall d. should
【解析】這聽起來或許是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，但卻需要極大的細(xì)心。
【答案】b
�、�—i can’t find my purse anywhere.
—you __ have lost it while shopping.
a. may b. can c. should d. would
【解析】結(jié)合語境可知，回答者是在提醒對(duì)方：或許購物時(shí)把錢包丟了。
【答案】a
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