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課題開題報(bào)告格式
開題報(bào)告是研究生在完成文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研后寫成的關(guān)于學(xué)位論文選題與如何實(shí)施的論述性報(bào)告。以下是課題開題報(bào)告格式，歡迎大家來(lái)閱讀學(xué)習(xí)!
課題開題報(bào)告格式【1】
一、論文開題報(bào)告的意義
碩士論文開題報(bào)告是研究生在完成文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研后寫成的關(guān)于學(xué)位論文選題與如何實(shí)施的論述性報(bào)告。
論文開題報(bào)告既是文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研的聚焦點(diǎn)，又是學(xué)位論文研究工作展開的散射點(diǎn)，對(duì)研究工作起到定位作用。
寫論文開題報(bào)告的目的，是要請(qǐng)老師及專家們幫忙判斷一下所研究的選題有沒(méi)有價(jià)值，研究方法是否奏效，論證邏輯有沒(méi)有明顯缺陷。
因此論文開題報(bào)告就要圍繞研究的主要內(nèi)容，擬解決的主要問(wèn)題(或闡述的主要觀點(diǎn))，研究步驟、方法及措施為主要內(nèi)容。
但筆者在工作實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多學(xué)生往往在論文開題報(bào)告中花費(fèi)大量筆墨敘述別人的研究成果，談到自己的研究方法時(shí)，往往寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)一筆帶過(guò)。
這樣，不便于評(píng)審老師指導(dǎo)。
二、如何寫論文開題報(bào)告
(一)論文開題報(bào)告的前提——通過(guò)理論思維選擇課題
在工作實(shí)踐中，發(fā)現(xiàn)碩士研究生論文開題報(bào)告中存在的普遍問(wèn)題是選題不合適。
有的提出的問(wèn)題太過(guò)“平庸”，有的選題范圍太大，研究?jī)?nèi)容太多、太寬泛，提出的問(wèn)題不切合碩士生的實(shí)際，實(shí)踐操作起來(lái)難度較大。
如有的學(xué)生提出的論文題目:“新型中性鎳催化劑的研究及其催化合成聚乙烯、聚丙烯的研究”，此選題有意義，有創(chuàng)新，作者的研究思路也比較正確，但論文選題范圍太大，研究?jī)?nèi)容對(duì)于一個(gè)碩士生來(lái)說(shuō)明顯偏多，無(wú)法按時(shí)完成。
因此應(yīng)重新確定研究?jī)?nèi)容，注重項(xiàng)目的可操作性。
那么如何選擇研究問(wèn)題呢?這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是通過(guò)理論思維來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)研究問(wèn)題。
理論是由一系列前設(shè)和術(shù)語(yǔ)構(gòu)造的邏輯體系，特定領(lǐng)域的理論有其特定的概念、范疇和研究范式，只有在相同的概念、視角和范式下，理論才能夠?qū)υ挕?/p>
只有通過(guò)對(duì)話，理論才能夠發(fā)展。
碩博論文要想創(chuàng)造新理論很難，多數(shù)是在既有理論的基礎(chǔ)上加以發(fā)展。
其次，選擇問(wèn)題是一個(gè)“剝皮”的過(guò)程，理論問(wèn)題總是深深地隱藏在復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)實(shí)背后，而發(fā)現(xiàn)理論問(wèn)題，則需要運(yùn)用理論思維的能力。
這就需要我們不斷鍛煉和提高自己的理論思維能力，需要在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，不斷總結(jié)和分析以往的研究者大體是從哪些視角來(lái)分析和研究問(wèn)題，運(yùn)用了哪些理論工具和方法，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和總結(jié)來(lái)不斷提高自己的理論思維能力，從而選擇具有學(xué)術(shù)理論價(jià)值和應(yīng)用價(jià)值，并與國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)及導(dǎo)師承擔(dān)的科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目緊密結(jié)合的研究問(wèn)題。
(二)做好文獻(xiàn)綜述，為論文開題報(bào)告打好基礎(chǔ)
在研究生論文開題報(bào)告會(huì)上，出現(xiàn)的普遍問(wèn)題是對(duì)文獻(xiàn)的研讀不夠，對(duì)研究背景的了解不夠深入，對(duì)研究方向上國(guó)內(nèi)外的具體進(jìn)展情況了解不夠全面、詳細(xì)，資料引用的針對(duì)性、可比性不強(qiáng)。
有很多學(xué)生沒(méi)有完全搞清論文開題報(bào)告與文獻(xiàn)綜述的區(qū)別，他們的論文開題報(bào)告有很多僅僅是對(duì)前人工作的敘述，而對(duì)自己的工作介紹甚少。
文獻(xiàn)綜述的基本內(nèi)容包括:國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀;研究方向;進(jìn)展情況;存在問(wèn)題;參考依據(jù)。
這是對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)和理論方法的整理。
同時(shí)，文獻(xiàn)綜述還是評(píng)論性的，因此要帶著作者本人批判的眼光來(lái)歸納和評(píng)論文獻(xiàn)，而不僅僅是相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)W術(shù)研究的“堆砌”。
要想寫好論文開題報(bào)告，必須認(rèn)真研讀文獻(xiàn)，對(duì)所研究的課題有個(gè)初步的了解，知道別人都做了哪些工作，哪些方面可以作為自己研究的切入點(diǎn)，因此，文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研的深入和全面程度，會(huì)相當(dāng)程度地影響論文開題報(bào)告的質(zhì)量，是學(xué)生充分發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性的客觀基礎(chǔ)。
論文開題報(bào)告格式【2】
一個(gè)清晰的選題，往往已經(jīng)隱含著論文的基本結(jié)論。
對(duì)現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)的缺點(diǎn)的評(píng)論，也基本暗含著改進(jìn)的方向。
論文開題報(bào)告就是要把這些暗含的結(jié)論、論證結(jié)論的邏輯推理，清楚地展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
論文開題報(bào)告的寫作步驟:課題選擇—課題綜述—論題選擇—論文開題報(bào)告。
論文開題報(bào)告的基本內(nèi)容主要包括:選題的意義;研究的主要內(nèi)容;擬解決的主要問(wèn)題(闡述的主要觀點(diǎn));研究(工作)步驟、方法及措施;畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))提綱;主要參考文獻(xiàn)。
為了寫好論文開題報(bào)告，江蘇工業(yè)學(xué)院研究生部專門出臺(tái)了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定，規(guī)定論文開題報(bào)告的一般內(nèi)容包括:
(1)論文開題報(bào)告——課題來(lái)源、開題依據(jù)和背景情況，課題研究目的以及理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
(2)論文開題報(bào)告——文獻(xiàn)綜述。
在閱讀規(guī)定文獻(xiàn)量(不少于50篇，其中外文文獻(xiàn)占40%以上)的基礎(chǔ)上，著重闡述該研究課題國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，同時(shí)介紹查閱文獻(xiàn)的范圍以及查閱方式、手段。
(3)論文開題報(bào)告——主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。
包括學(xué)術(shù)構(gòu)思、研究方法、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的難點(diǎn)、解決的方法和措施以及預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
(4)論文開題報(bào)告——擬采用的實(shí)驗(yàn)手段，所需科研和實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，估計(jì)課題工作量和所需經(jīng)費(fèi)，研究工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃。
(5)論文開題報(bào)告——主要參考文獻(xiàn)，列出至少10篇所查閱參考的文獻(xiàn)。
2.論文開題報(bào)告的寫作技巧
(1)提出問(wèn)題注意“層次”
選題是撰寫學(xué)術(shù)論文的第一步，選題是否妥當(dāng)，直接關(guān)系到論文的質(zhì)量，甚至關(guān)系到論文的成功與否。
不同于政策研究報(bào)告，學(xué)術(shù)文章聚焦理論層面、解決理論問(wèn)題。
有的學(xué)生的選題不具有新穎性，內(nèi)容沒(méi)有創(chuàng)新，僅僅是對(duì)前人工作的總結(jié)，或是對(duì)前人工作的重復(fù)。
在選題時(shí)要堅(jiān)持先進(jìn)性、科學(xué)性、實(shí)用性及可行性的原則。
在提出問(wèn)題時(shí)，要以“內(nèi)行”看得懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)和明確的邏輯來(lái)表述。
選題來(lái)源包括:1、與自己實(shí)際工作或科研工作相關(guān)的、較為熟悉的問(wèn)題;2、自己從事的專業(yè)某問(wèn)題發(fā)展迅速，需要綜合評(píng)價(jià);3、從掌握的大量文獻(xiàn)中選擇反映本學(xué)科的新理論、新技術(shù)或新動(dòng)向的題目。
所選題目不宜過(guò)大，越具體越容易收集資料，從某一個(gè)側(cè)面入手，容易深入。
英語(yǔ)專業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告范文【3】
一、選題的目的、意義和必要性：
datang teashop is a privately owned tea shop. it established in XX, and is located beside the main road, youyi avenue, in the home world shopping mall. business scope mainly involves selling several kinds of tea and tea-sets. 15 employees are in datang teashop. 5 employees are in charge of management in datang. it attracts a large number of people over twenty-five-year-old persons in the local area.
in the past two years, datang teashop operated steadily. it had a certain client group, and a good prestige. however, with the improvement of living standard, the teashop does not meet the heightened demands of the clients in the local area.
people want to purchase middle and high-class tea and tea set with reasonable prices and good quality services. there were some clients complained that our services fell short of their expectations. in addition, more and more people enjoy tea, tea set and tea culture.
and now, more and more people enjoy their leisure time with having a cup of tea. it is a green and healthy method for people to spend the leisure time. therefore, datang teashop must make an expansion and improvement project to meet the client’s need.
however, datang teashop only occupies an area of 84 square meters now, which is hindering the shop from expanding its services. the management planned to offer a wider range of services but the limited space has constrained the implementation. some clients complained about the insufficient stock and staff, limited sorts of tea, narrow space, and short of service.
in order to solve the problems, datang teashop decided to reform and innovate the service system and handling method, expand the business scope and scale, establish the especial sale form, broaden datang teashop’s prestige, improve the propaganda about “having a cup of tea scientifically”. thereby, datang teashop will attract the client and meet the client’s need，stress the charming of the tea culture and raise the sales volume.
it’s the goal of this expansion project to continue the advantage of datang teashop to meet the market need, and make datang teashop become the challenger in the market competition consistently.
二、研究的重點(diǎn)與過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)
according to current situation, datang teashop’s sales volume sometimes shows a little decent tendency. furthermore there are several problems hindering the development of datang. this expansion project will research and analysis the recent problems of datang teashop and make a detailed plan to solve problems. it will improve in the aspect of sales space, attendants, equipments, and sales methods.
1. problems analysis
1.1 limit space in the teashop.
1.2 attendants in datang teashop floated quickly.
1.3 insufficient equipment in the shop.
1.3.1 shortage of shelves.
1.3.2 not any net equipment in the shop. and there was not website for datang teashop.
1.3.3 old finance software is in need of updating in time.
1.4 unique method in sale.
2. resolution
if datang teashop goes on selling as usual, it should meet the crisis with decrease of sales volume and floating of customers. according to problems analysis, datang teashop will take following measures to solve the main problems and set forth several improvement plans.
2.1 for limit sales space
rent the nearest shop to expand the sales space. it is about 50 square meters. the last sales area can reach 130 square meters.
2.2 for attendants floating quickly
2.2.1 recruiting 4 new staff with experiences.
2.2.2 combining theory with practice.
2.2.3 salary will be paid out by the results of achievement assessment and knowledge test every month..
2.3 for insufficient equipment
2.3.1 purchase adsl equipment, apply to set up network.
2.3.2 renovate new finance software.
2.4 expand the way of sales.
2.4.1 supplementary sale by promotion activity, mainly sale by selling in the shop.
2.4.2 visit the customer to sell at his house and enterprise, restaurant and hotel, sub district and government office.
2.4.3 sell on line.
三、研究方法
research approach:
for reaching problem analysis, cause analysis, case analysis, customer survey, questionnaire, brainstorming, questionnaire and swot analysis are to be used in the expansion project. they were adopted in analysis customers’ demand, make a new sales plan. and finally do successfully to improve the service and increase the sales volume.
四、預(yù)期結(jié)果
through practice this expansion project, we hope to reach the following six aims.
1. expand the prestige of datang teashop.
2. establish the unique tea culture of datang teashop.
3. decent the attendants’ floating rate, and improve the attendants’ service level.
4. expand the business space and scope.
5. innovate the equipment, increase the service contents, and exchange the business method.
6. increase the sales volume by 20%.
as a result of this project, datang teashop is expected to make profits 25% higher than before. and we could adjust the project to meet the customer’s demand.
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